• Skip to main content

ALS Untangled®

ALSUntangled® reviews alternative and off label treatments (AOTs), with the goal of helping people with ALS make more informed decisions about them.

  • How to Use
  • Mission & Methods
  • Completed Reviews
  • Future Reviews
  • Search
  • English
    • English
    • Español

Search ALS Untangled®

Completed Reviews

Here you will find our published reports on AOTs, along with the grades we gave each of them in different categories, short summaries and even podcasts.  Click on the name of the review to open the published report, or click on the podcast link to listen to a short interview about it.  When new information about an AOT comes out after our published review, we update the summary and the assigned grades accordingly.  Summaries and grades that have been updated since a published review are annotated with an asterix.

Click on any completed review title or letter grade below for detailed information. Click on any column header (“Treatment”, “Mechanism”, etc.) to sort the entire table by that column. In addition, you can click here to view the complete table of evidence.

Treatment Podcast Mechanism Pre-Clinical Cases Trials Risks
Zinc  (2025) BCFDA
Psilocybin (2025) CUUUF
WAHLS Protocol  (2024) CUUUC
PoNS Device (2024) UUUUC
Ashwagandha (2024) BACUB
Lions Mane (2024)
BUFUB
Insulin (2023)
CBUUF
Nuedexta (2023)
BUACC
Caffeine (2023)
ACFUB
Astaxanthin (2023)
AUCUB
Ozone (2022)
ADCUD
Rituximab (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
D
Updated: Apr 2025
D
Updated: Apr 2025
F
Updated: Apr 2025
U
Updated: Apr 2025
F
Updated: Apr 2025
Glucocorticoid Corticosteroids (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
D
Updated: Apr 2025
F
Updated: Apr 2025
B
Updated: Apr 2025
F
Updated: Apr 2025
C
Updated: Apr 2025
Anti-Mycobacterial Antibiotics (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
D
Updated: Apr 2025
U
Updated: Apr 2025
A
Updated: Apr 2025
U
Updated: Apr 2025
D
Updated: Apr 2025
Butyrates (2022)
AACUC
Ketogenic Diets (2021)
Updated: Jan 2024
B
Updated: Jan 2024
C
Updated: Jan 2024
A
Updated: Jan 2024
U
Updated: Jan 2024
D
Updated: Jan 2024
Vitamin C (2021)
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
B
Updated: Mar 2025
F
Updated: Mar 2025
B
Updated: Mar 2025
Melatonin (2021)
ACBUB
Light Therapy (2021)
DCDUA
Tamoxifen (2021)
Updated: Mar 2025
A
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
D
Updated: Mar 2025
Azathioprine (2020)
Updated: Mar 2025
C
Updated: Mar 2025
U
Updated: Mar 2025
A
Updated: Mar 2025
F
Updated: Mar 2025
D
Updated: Mar 2025
Proprionyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
AUUUB
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
Updated: Sep 2024
A
Updated: Sep 2024
D
Updated: Sep 2024
A
Updated: Sep 2024
D
Updated: Sep 2024
B
Updated: Sep 2024
L-Carnitine (2020)
ACFFB
LEAP2BFIT (2020)
Updated: Apr 2024
C
Updated: Apr 2024
U
Updated: Apr 2024
B
Updated: Apr 2024
U
Updated: Apr 2024
D
Updated: Apr 2024
Vitamin E (2020)
Updated: Jul 2024
A
Updated: Jul 2024
C
Updated: Jul 2024
A
Updated: Jul 2024
F
Updated: Jul 2024
A
Updated: Jul 2024
Vinpocetine (2020)
Updated: Apr 2024
A
Updated: Apr 2024
U
Updated: Apr 2024
D
Updated: Apr 2024
U
Updated: Apr 2024
D
Updated: Apr 2024
Anti-fungals (2020)
Updated: Mar 2025
D
Updated: Mar 2025
U
Updated: Mar 2025
D
Updated: Mar 2025
U
Updated: Mar 2025
D/F
Updated: Mar 2025
Glutathione (2019)
Updated: Sep 2024
C
Updated: Sep 2024
C
Updated: Sep 2024
A
Updated: Sep 2024
F
Updated: Sep 2024
B
Updated: Sep 2024
RCH4 (2019) UUCUU
Resveratrol (2019)
BBCUU
Perampanel (2019)
Updated: Jul 2022
B
Updated: Jul 2022
C
Updated: Jul 2022
D
Updated: Jul 2022
F
Updated: Jul 2022
F
Updated: Jul 2022
RT001 (2019)
Updated: Sep 2022
B
Updated: Sep 2022
F
Updated: Sep 2022
D
Updated: Sep 2022
D
Updated: Sep 2022
C
Updated: Sep 2022
Penicillin G/Hydrocortisone (2018)
Updated: Sep 2024
D
Updated: Sep 2024
U
Updated: Sep 2024
D
Updated: Sep 2024
F
Updated: Sep 2024
D
Updated: Sep 2024
Antiretrovirals (2018)
Updated: Jun 2024
D
Updated: Jun 2024
C
Updated: Jun 2024
U
Updated: Jun 2024
D
Updated: Jun 2024
C
Updated: Jun 2024
Curcumin (2018)
Updated: Jan 2023
C
Updated: Jan 2023
C
Updated: Jan 2023
B
Updated: Jan 2023
F
Updated: Jan 2023
B/D
Updated: Jan 2023
Copper (2017)
DUFUD
Copper ATSM (2017)
B/CADUU
Basis (2017)
Updated: Jan 2023
C
Updated: Jan 2023
U
Updated: Jan 2023
U
Updated: Jan 2023
D
Updated: Jan 2023
C
Updated: Jan 2023
Eric is Winning (2017)
Updated: Aug 2021
D
Updated: Aug 2021
U
Updated: Aug 2021
D
Updated: Aug 2021
U
Updated: Aug 2021
D
Updated: Aug 2021
Ayahuasca (2017)
Updated: Mar 2021
C
Updated: Mar 2021
U
Updated: Mar 2021
D
Updated: Mar 2021
U
Updated: Mar 2021
D/F
Updated: Mar 2021
Acuscope (2017)
Updated: Oct 2021
D
Updated: Oct 2021
U
Updated: Oct 2021
F
Updated: Oct 2021
U
Updated: Oct 2021
B
Updated: Oct 2021
L-Serine (2016)
Updated: Apr 2022
B
Updated: Apr 2022
C
Updated: Apr 2022
B
Updated: Apr 2022
D
Updated: Apr 2022
C
Updated: Apr 2022
Hyperbaric Oxygen (2016)
Updated: Nov 2021
B
Updated: Nov 2021
C
Updated: Nov 2021
C
Updated: Nov 2021
F
Updated: Nov 2021
D
Updated: Nov 2021
Inosine (2016)
Updated: May 2023
A
Updated: May 2023
U
Updated: May 2023
D
Updated: May 2023
F
Updated: May 2023
C
Updated: May 2023
Accilion (2016)
Updated: Aug 2023
F
Updated: Aug 2023
U
Updated: Aug 2023
C
Updated: Aug 2023
U
Updated: Aug 2023
C
Updated: Aug 2023
GM604 (2016)
Updated: May 2022
D
Updated: May 2022
D
Updated: May 2022
D
Updated: May 2022
F
Updated: May 2022
U
Updated: May 2022
Precision Stem Cell (2016)
Updated: Jul 2022
B
Updated: Jul 2022
C
Updated: Jul 2022
D
Updated: Jul 2022
U
Updated: Jul 2022
C
Updated: Jul 2022
Endotherapia (2016)
Updated: Jan 2022
D
Updated: Jan 2022
C
Updated: Jan 2022
D
Updated: Jan 2022
D
Updated: Jan 2022
U
Updated: Jan 2022
Gluten-Free Diet (2015)
Updated: Feb 2024
C
Updated: Feb 2024
U
Updated: Feb 2024
A
Updated: Feb 2024
U
Updated: Feb 2024
C
Updated: Feb 2024
Protandim (2015)
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Methylcobalamin (2015)
Updated: May 2022
A
Updated: May 2022
C
Updated: May 2022
D
Updated: May 2022
A
Updated: May 2022
B
Updated: May 2022
Mito Q (2015)
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
Acupuncture (2015)
BCADD
Lunasin (2014)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
F
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
TUDCA (2014)
Updated: Apr 2024
C
Updated: Apr 2024
U
Updated: Apr 2024
B
Updated: Apr 2024
F
Updated: Apr 2024
B
Updated: Apr 2024
Vitamin D (2014)
Updated: Jun 2024
C
Updated: Jun 2024
C
Updated: Jun 2024
F
Updated: Jun 2024
F
Updated: Jun 2024
B
Updated: Jun 2024
Rife Machine and Retroviruses (2014)
Updated: Nov 2023
F
Updated: Nov 2023
U
Updated: Nov 2023
D
Updated: Nov 2023
U
Updated: Nov 2023
B
Updated: Nov 2023
Propofol (2013)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
Fecal Transplants (2013)
Updated: Dec 2024
B
Updated: Dec 2024
B
Updated: Dec 2024
A
Updated: Dec 2024
F
Updated: Dec 2024
B
Updated: Dec 2024
Deanna Protocol (2013)
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Sodium Chlorite Oral (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
F
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
D
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
F
Updated: Apr 2022
Sodium Chlorite WF10 (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
A
Updated: Apr 2022
D
Updated: Apr 2022
D
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
C
Updated: Apr 2022
Sodium Chlorite NP001 (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
A
Updated: Apr 2022
D
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
F
Updated: Apr 2022
B
Updated: Apr 2022
Apoaequorin (Prevagen) (2012)
Updated: May 2024
C
Updated: May 2024
U
Updated: May 2024
D
Updated: May 2024
U
Updated: May 2024
D
Updated: May 2024
When ALS Is Lyme (2012)
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Cannabis (2012)
Updated: Apr 2021
C
Updated: Apr 2021
C
Updated: Apr 2021
B
Updated: Apr 2021
U
Updated: Apr 2021
U
Updated: Apr 2021
Coconut Oil (2012)
Updated: Mar 2024
C
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
D
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
B
Updated: Mar 2024
Mototab (2012)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
Bee Venom (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Dean Kraft, Energy Healer (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
F
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
A
Updated: Jul 2023
NuTech Mediworld (2011)
Updated: Apr 2022
C
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
F
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
U
Updated: Apr 2022
Luteolin and Lutimax (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Spirulina (blue green algae) as a treatment for ALS (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
Low dose naltrexone for ALS (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Hyperimmune Goat Serum for ALS (2010)
Updated: Mar 2024
C
Updated: Mar 2024
D
Updated: Mar 2024
D
Updated: Mar 2024
D
Updated: Mar 2024
F
Updated: Mar 2024
Marty Murray’s Method (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
F
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
The Stowe/Morales ALS Protocol (2010)
Updated: Mar 2024
C
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
U
Updated: Mar 2024
The XCell-Center (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
Stem cell transplants at the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey (2010)
Updated: Nov 2021
D
Updated: Nov 2021
U
Updated: Nov 2021
U
Updated: Nov 2021
D
Updated: Nov 2021
F
Updated: Nov 2021
The Hickey Wellness Center (2009)
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
U
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
Iplex (2009)
Updated: Jul 2023
C
Updated: Jul 2023
A
Updated: Jul 2023
B
Updated: Jul 2023
D
Updated: Jul 2023
F
Updated: Jul 2023
Zinc  (2025)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: A
Psilocybin (2025)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: F
WAHLS Protocol  (2024)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
PoNS Device (2024)
Mechanism: U
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Ashwagandha (2024)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Lions Mane (2024)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Insulin (2023)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: B
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: F
Podcast
Nuedexta (2023)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: C
Risks: C
Podcast
Caffeine (2023)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Astaxanthin (2023)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Ozone (2022)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Rituximab (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: F
Podcast
Glucocorticoid Corticosteroids (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: F
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: C
Podcast
Anti-Mycobacterial Antibiotics (2022)
Updated: Apr 2025
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Butyrates (2022)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Podcast
Ketogenic Diets (2021)
Updated: Jan 2024
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Vitamin C (2021)
Updated: Mar 2025
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
Melatonin (2021)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Light Therapy (2021)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: A
Podcast
Tamoxifen (2021)
Updated: Mar 2025
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: C
Risks: D
Podcast
Azathioprine (2020)
Updated: Mar 2025
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Proprionyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
Updated: Sep 2024
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: B
Podcast
L-Carnitine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
LEAP2BFIT (2020)
Updated: Apr 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Vitamin E (2020)
Updated: Jul 2024
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: A
Podcast
Vinpocetine (2020)
Updated: Apr 2024
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Anti-fungals (2020)
Updated: Mar 2025
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D/F
Podcast
Glutathione (2019)
Updated: Sep 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
RCH4 (2019)
Mechanism: U
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Resveratrol (2019)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: B
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Perampanel (2019)
Updated: Jul 2022
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: F
Podcast
RT001 (2019)
Updated: Sep 2022
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: F
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Penicillin G/Hydrocortisone (2018)
Updated: Sep 2024
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Antiretrovirals (2018)
Updated: Jun 2024
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Curcumin (2018)
Updated: Jan 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B/D
Podcast
Copper (2017)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Copper ATSM (2017)
Mechanism: B/C
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Basis (2017)
Updated: Jan 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Eric is Winning (2017)
Updated: Aug 2021
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Ayahuasca (2017)
Updated: Mar 2021
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D/F
Podcast
Acuscope (2017)
Updated: Oct 2021
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
L-Serine (2016)
Updated: Apr 2022
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Hyperbaric Oxygen (2016)
Updated: Nov 2021
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Inosine (2016)
Updated: May 2023
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: C
Podcast
Accilion (2016)
Updated: Aug 2023
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
GM604 (2016)
Updated: May 2022
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: U
Precision Stem Cell (2016)
Updated: Jul 2022
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Endotherapia (2016)
Updated: Jan 2022
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: U
Podcast
Gluten-Free Diet (2015)
Updated: Feb 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Podcast
Protandim (2015)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Methylcobalamin (2015)
Updated: May 2022
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: A
Risks: B
Podcast
Mito Q (2015)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Acupuncture (2015)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: D
Podcast
Lunasin (2014)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
TUDCA (2014)
Updated: Apr 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
Vitamin D (2014)
Updated: Jun 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
Rife Machine and Retroviruses (2014)
Updated: Nov 2023
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Propofol (2013)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Fecal Transplants (2013)
Updated: Dec 2024
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: B
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
Deanna Protocol (2013)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Sodium Chlorite Oral (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: F
Podcast
Sodium Chlorite WF10 (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Podcast
Sodium Chlorite NP001 (2013)
Updated: Apr 2022
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
Apoaequorin (Prevagen) (2012)
Updated: May 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
When ALS Is Lyme (2012)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Cannabis (2012)
Updated: Apr 2021
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Coconut Oil (2012)
Updated: Mar 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Mototab (2012)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Bee Venom (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Dean Kraft, Energy Healer (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: A
NuTech Mediworld (2011)
Updated: Apr 2022
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Luteolin and Lutimax (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Spirulina (blue green algae) as a treatment for ALS (2011)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Low dose naltrexone for ALS (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Hyperimmune Goat Serum for ALS (2010)
Updated: Mar 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: F
Marty Murray’s Method (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
The Stowe/Morales ALS Protocol (2010)
Updated: Mar 2024
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
The XCell-Center (2010)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Stem cell transplants at the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey (2010)
Updated: Nov 2021
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: F
The Hickey Wellness Center (2009)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Iplex (2009)
Updated: Jul 2023
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: F

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade A: Shown in a peer-reviewed publication to act on a relevant mechanism in humans

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade B: Shown in a peer-reviewed publication to act on a relevant mechanism in pre-clinical model(s)

Mechanistic plausibility - C

Grade C: Theoretically and plausibly acts on an ALS-relevant mechanism in humans

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade D: Acts on a biological mechanism but it is not clear that this mechanism is relevant in ALS

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade F: Implausible; would violate known principles or laws of biology

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade A: Two or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in well-designed studies.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade B: One peer-reviewed publication reporting benefits in a well-designed study.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade C: One or more peer-reviewed publication(s) reporting benefits in flawed studies.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade D: One or more non-peer reviewed studies reporting benefits (published on a website or in an abstract)

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade F: The only studies available show no benefit

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Patient case reports

Grade A: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade B: More than one unpublished report of benefit with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade C: One unpublished report of benefit with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade D: Subjective report(s) of benefit without validated diagnoses and/or benefits

Patient case reports

Grade F: The only reports available show no benefit

Patient case reports

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Patient trials

Two or more peer-reviewed publications describing benefits in well-designed randomized, blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials

Patient trials

Grade C: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in a well-designed randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled phase I or II trial

Patient trials

Grade D: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in a flawed trial.

Flawed trials means those in which there are identifiable problems with patient selection, randomization, blinding, controls or follow-up. These have ‘high or unclear risk of bias’ according to published criteria. Well-designed trials are those that have ‘low risk of bias’.

Patient trials

Grade F: The only trials available show no benefit

Patient trials

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade A: No exposed patients appear to have experienced harms

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade B: More than 0% but less than 10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade B (oral): More than 0% but less than10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Grade D (intravenous): More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade C: At least 10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade D: More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade D: More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Grade F: At least 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalization

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade F: At least 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalization

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

© 2025 ALS Untangled® · All Rights Reserved · Website by Code the Dream & Tomatillo Design