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ALS Untangled

ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off label treatments (AOTs), with the goal of helping people with ALS make more informed decisions about them.

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Completed Reviews

Here you will find our published reports on AOTs, along with the grades we gave each of them in different categories, short summaries and even podcasts.  Click on the name of the review to open the published report, or click on the podcast link to listen to a short interview about it.  When new information about an AOT comes out after our published review, we update the summary and the assigned grades accordingly.  Summaries and grades that have been updated since a published review are annotated with an asterix.

Click on any completed review title or letter grade below for detailed information. Click on any column header (“Treatment”, “Mechanism”, etc.) to sort the entire table by that column. In addition, you can click here to view the complete table of evidence.

Treatment Podcast Mechanism Pre-Clinical Cases Trials Risks
Sodium Chlorite Oral (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
F
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
F
Updated: Dec 2020
Sodium Chlorite WF10 (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
A
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
C
Updated: Dec 2020
Sodium Chlorite NP001 (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
A
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
B
Updated: Dec 2020
Azathioprine (2020)
CUAFD
Proprionyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
AUUUB
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
ADCDB
L-Carnitine (2020)
ACFFB
LEAP2BFIT (2020)
CUBUD
Vitamin E (2020)
ACAFA
Vinpocetine (2020) AUDUD
Anti-fungals (2020)
DUDUD/F
Glutathione (2019)
CCAFB
RCH4 (2019) UUCUU
Resveratrol (2019)
BBCUU
Perampanel (2019)
BCDUD/F
RT001 (2019)
BFDUU
Penicillin G/Hydrocortisone (2018)
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
U
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
F
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
Antiretrovirals (2018)
DCUFU
Curcumin (2018)
CCBCB/D
Copper (2017)
DUFUD
Copper ATSM (2017)
B/CADUU
Basis (2017)
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
U
Updated: Oct 2020
U
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
C
Updated: Oct 2020
Eric is Winning (2017)
DUDUD
Ayahuasca (2017)
CUDUD/F
Acuscope (2017)
DUFUB
L-Serine (2016)
BCDDC
Hyperbaric Oxygen (2016)
BCCFD
Inosine (2016)
CUDUC
Accilion (2016)
Updated: Dec 2020
F
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
C
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
C
Updated: Dec 2020
GM604 (2016) DDDUU
Precision Stem Cell (2016) BCDUC
Endotherapia (2016) DCDDU
Gluten-Free Diet (2015)
CUAUC
Protandim (2015)
AUCUB
Methylcobalamin (2015) ACDDB
Mito Q (2015)
BCDUD
Acupuncture (2015)
BCADD
Lunasin (2014)
CUCUB
Ursodiol (2014)
Updated: Sep 2020
C
Updated: Sep 2020
U
Updated: Sep 2020
D
Updated: Sep 2020
A
Updated: Sep 2020
B
Updated: Sep 2020
Vitamin D (2014)
CCFDB
Rife Machine and Retroviruses (2014)
FUDUB
Propofol (2013)
CUDUD
Fecal Transplants (2013)
Updated: Dec 2020
B
Updated: Dec 2020
B
Updated: Dec 2020
D
Updated: Dec 2020
U
Updated: Dec 2020
B
Updated: Dec 2020
Deanna Protocol (2013)
BCDUB
Apoaequorin (Prevagen) (2012)
Updated: Nov 2020
C
Updated: Nov 2020
U
Updated: Nov 2020
D
Updated: Nov 2020
U
Updated: Nov 2020
D
Updated: Nov 2020
When ALS Is Lyme (2012)
DUDUB
Cannabis (2012)
CCDFU
Coconut Oil (2012)
CUDUB
Mototab (2012) CUUUU
Bee Venom (2011) CCDUB
Dean Kraft, Energy Healer (2011) FUC/UUA
NuTech Mediworld (2011) CUFUU
Luteolin and Lutimax (2011) CUDUB
Spirulina (blue green algae) as a treatment for ALS (2011)
Updated: Jan 2021
C
Updated: Jan 2021
C
Updated: Jan 2021
U
Updated: Jan 2021
U
Updated: Jan 2021
U
Updated: Jan 2021
Low dose naltrexone for ALS (2010)
DUDUB
Hyperimmune Goat Serum for ALS (2010) CCDDC
Marty Murray’s Method (2010) FUDUU
The Stowe/Morales ALS Protocol (2010) CUUUU
The XCell-Center (2010) CUDUD
Stem cell transplants at the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey (2010) DUUDF
The Hickey Wellness Center (2009) DUCUB
Iplex (2009)
Updated: Oct 2020
C
Updated: Oct 2020
A
Updated: Oct 2020
B
Updated: Oct 2020
D
Updated: Oct 2020
F
Updated: Oct 2020
Sodium Chlorite Oral (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: F
Sodium Chlorite WF10 (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Sodium Chlorite NP001 (2021)
Updated: Dec 2020
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: B
Podcast
Azathioprine (2020)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Proprionyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: B
Podcast
L-Carnitine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
Podcast
LEAP2BFIT (2020)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Vitamin E (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: A
Vinpocetine (2020)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Anti-fungals (2020)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D/F
Podcast
Glutathione (2019)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: B
RCH4 (2019)
Mechanism: U
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Resveratrol (2019)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: B
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Perampanel (2019)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D/F
Podcast
RT001 (2019)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: F
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Penicillin G/Hydrocortisone (2018)
Updated: Oct 2020
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Antiretrovirals (2018)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: U
Podcast
Curcumin (2018)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: C
Risks: B/D
Podcast
Copper (2017)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Copper ATSM (2017)
Mechanism: B/C
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Basis (2017)
Updated: Oct 2020
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Eric is Winning (2017)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Ayahuasca (2017)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D/F
Podcast
Acuscope (2017)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
L-Serine (2016)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Podcast
Hyperbaric Oxygen (2016)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: D
Podcast
Inosine (2016)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Podcast
Accilion (2016)
Updated: Dec 2020
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
GM604 (2016)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: D
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Precision Stem Cell (2016)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Endotherapia (2016)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: U
Podcast
Gluten-Free Diet (2015)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: C
Podcast
Protandim (2015)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Methylcobalamin (2015)
Mechanism: A
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: B
Podcast
Mito Q (2015)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Acupuncture (2015)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: A
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: D
Podcast
Lunasin (2014)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Ursodiol (2014)
Updated: Sep 2020
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: A
Risks: B
Podcast
Vitamin D (2014)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: B
Podcast
Rife Machine and Retroviruses (2014)
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Propofol (2013)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
Fecal Transplants (2013)
Updated: Dec 2020
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: B
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Deanna Protocol (2013)
Mechanism: B
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Apoaequorin (Prevagen) (2012)
Updated: Nov 2020
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Podcast
When ALS Is Lyme (2012)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Podcast
Cannabis (2012)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: F
Risks: U
Podcast
Coconut Oil (2012)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Mototab (2012)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Bee Venom (2011)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Dean Kraft, Energy Healer (2011)
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C/U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: A
NuTech Mediworld (2011)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: F
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Luteolin and Lutimax (2011)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Spirulina (blue green algae) as a treatment for ALS (2011)
Updated: Jan 2021
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
Podcast
Low dose naltrexone for ALS (2010)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Hyperimmune Goat Serum for ALS (2010)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: C
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: C
Marty Murray’s Method (2010)
Mechanism: F
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
The Stowe/Morales ALS Protocol (2010)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: U
The XCell-Center (2010)
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: D
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: D
Stem cell transplants at the Hospital San Jose Tecnologico de Monterrey (2010)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: U
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: F
The Hickey Wellness Center (2009)
Mechanism: D
Pre-Clinical: U
Cases: C
Clinical Trials: U
Risks: B
Iplex (2009)
Updated: Oct 2020
Mechanism: C
Pre-Clinical: A
Cases: B
Clinical Trials: D
Risks: F

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade A: Shown in a peer-reviewed publication to act on a relevant mechanism in humans

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade B: Shown in a peer-reviewed publication to act on a relevant mechanism in pre-clinical model(s)

Mechanistic plausibility - C

Grade C: Theoretically and plausibly acts on an ALS-relevant mechanism in humans

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade D: Acts on a biological mechanism but it is not clear than this mechanism is relevant in ALS

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade F: Implausible; would violate known principles or laws of biology

Mechanistic plausibility

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade A: Two or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in well-designed studies.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade B: One peer-reviewed publication reporting benefits in a well-designed study.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade C: One or more peer-reviewed publication(s) reporting benefits in flawed studies.

Animal studies are assumed to be ‘well designed’ when they follow published guidelines. When they deviate from these they are considered ‘flawed’.

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade D: One or more non-peer reviewed studies reporting benefits (published on a website or in an abstract)

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade F: The only studies available show no benefit

Pre-clinical models (animal or cell models recognized by ALSUntangled reviewers to be relevant to ALS)

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Patient case reports

Grade A: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade B: More than one unpublished report of benefit with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade C: One unpublished report of benefit with validated diagnosis and benefits

Patient case reports

Grade C: One unpublished report of benefit with validated diagnosis and benefits Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Patient case reports

Grade D: Subjective report(s) of benefit without validated diagnoses and/or benefits

Patient case reports

Grade F: The only reports available show no benefit

Patient case reports

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Patient trials

Two or more peer-reviewed publications describing benefits in well-designed randomized, blinded placebo-controlled phase III trials

Patient trials

Grade C: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in a well-designed randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled phase I or II trial

Patient trials

Grade D: One or more peer-reviewed publications reporting benefits in a flawed trial.

Flawed trials means those in which there are identifiable problems with patient selection, randomization, blinding, controls or follow-up. These have ‘high or unclear risk of bias’ according to published criteria. Well-designed trials are those that have ‘low risk of bias’.

Patient trials

Grade F: The only trials available show no benefit

Patient trials

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade A: No exposed patients appear to have experienced harms

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade B: More than 0% but less than 10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade B (oral): More than 0% but less than10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Grade D (intravenous): More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade C: At least 10% of exposed patients experienced harms (no hospitalizations or deaths)

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade D: More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade D: More than 0% but less than 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalizations

Grade F: At least 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalization

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade F: At least 5% of exposed patients experienced death or hospitalization

Risks (harms that occurred on this treatment)

Grade U: No useful information was found for this category

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